Table of Content
- What is Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts
- Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts Specification
- Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts Equivalent Grade
- Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolt Standards
- Types of Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts
- Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts Price List
- Dimensions of Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts
- Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolt Torque Chart
- Weight Chart Of Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolt
- Chemical Composition of Grade 347 / 347H Stainless Steel Stud Bolts
- Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts
- Other Types of Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts
- Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts Application Area
- Other Stock of Stainless Steel Stud Bolts
ASTM A193 347H Stud, Werkstoff Nr.1.4550 Threaded Stud Bolts, Best Deals on Stainless Steel UNS S34700 Stud Bolts, SS 347 Industrial Stud Bolts, 347 Stainless Steel Threaded Studs, Stainless Steel 347 Flush Head Studs, Stainless Steel 347 Stud Bolt, 347H SS Continuous Thread Stud Bolt, Stainless Steel 347 Stud Bolt Supplier in India.
Kalpataru Piping Solutions is a renowned trader of SS 347 / 347H Stud Bolts, which are highly durable with excellent performance as compared to others. Stainless Steel 347 Stud Bolts covers electric-fusion-welded steel pipe with filler metal added, fabricated from pressure vessel quality plate of several analyses and strength levels. Stainless Steel 347H Stud Bolts is suitable for high-pressure service at atmospheric and lower temperatures. SS 347 Stud Bolts has several different first rate characteristics like having high pressure service, thinner wall thicknesses and better workability, etc. We are widely renowned in many small scales to large scale petrochemical plants for providing complete solution of SS 347H Stud Bolts, which are used for transferring the flow of liquid. 347 Stainless Steel Stud Bolts are being used in various industries for several applications such as Flares stacks, Hydrocracking, Process piping applications, etc. 347H Stainless Steel Stud Bolts is also used in Power plant piping, Refineries, LNG terminals, Storage for natural gas, Heat exchangers, and more. Stainless Steel UNS S34700 Stud Bolts is as well used in High pressure applications, Welded pressure vessels for the storage of cryogens, and so on. Stainless Steel UNS S34709 Stud Bolts are available in several features such as excellent tensile strength, robust performance, corrosion abrasion and various finishes. Stainless Steel WNR. 1.4550 Stud Bolts are being used in various applications for several industries such as Oil & Gas, Power generation, etc.
Stainless Steel DIN 1.4961 Tap End Stud Bolts, SS 347 Tie Rods, 347 SS Full Threaded Stud Bolts Dealer, Large Selection of SS 347H Stud Bolts, High Quality 347 Stainless Steel Stud Bolts, Stainless Steel SUS 347 Stud Bolt, ASME SA193 SS 347 Double End Stud Bolts, SS S34709 Half Thread Stud Bolts, Stainless Steel 347 Single End Stud Bolts, S34709 SS Stud Bolts Exporter.
Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts Specification
Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts Equivalent Grade
| STANDARD | DIN | UNS | JIS | GOST | EN |
| SS 347 | 1.4550 | S34700 | SUS 347 | 08Ch18N12B | X6CrNiNb18-10 |
| SS 347H | 1.4961 | S34709 | SUS 347H | - | X6CrNiNb18-12 |
Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolt Available Standards
| ASTM | ASTM A193 Stud Bolt | ASTM A307 Stud Bolt | ASTM A320 Stud Bolt |
| ASTM A325 Stud Bolt | ASTM A354 Stud Bolt | ASTM A449 Stud Bolt | |
| ASTM A490 Stud Bolt | ASTM F568 Stud Bolt | ASTM F593 Stud Bolt | |
| ASTM F1554 Stud Bolt | ASTM A325M Stud Bolt | ASTM A490M Stud Bolt | |
| IS | IS 1363 Stud Bolt | IS 1364 Stud Bolt | IS 2585 Stud Bolt |
| IS 3138 Stud Bolt | IS 3640 Stud Bolt | IS 10238 Stud Bolt | |
| IS 3757 Stud Bolt | IS 6639 Stud Bolt | ||
| DIN | DIN 931 Stud Bolt | DIN 933 Stud Bolt | DIN 938 Stud Bolt |
| DIN 939 Stud Bolt | DIN 960 Stud Bolt | DIN 961 Stud Bolt | |
| DIN 975 Stud Bolt | DIN 2510 Stud Bolt | DIN 7990 Stud Bolt | |
| DIN 610 Stud Bolt | DIN 6914 Stud Bolt | DIN 6915 Stud Bolt | |
| BS | BS 1083 Stud Bolt | BS 1768 Stud Bolt | BS 1769 Stud Bolt |
| ANSI / ASME | ASME B18.2.1 Stud Bolt | ASME B18.31.3 Stud Bolt | ASME B16.5 Stud Bolt |
| ANSI B18.2.1 Stud Bolt | ANSI / ASME B18.1.1 Stud Bolt | ||
| ISO | ISO 7412 Stud Bolt |
Types of Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts
Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts
Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Double Ended Studs
Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Threaded Rod
Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Tie Rods
Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts Price List
We offer wide range of industrial Stainless Steel 347 Stud Bolts that in compliance with IS, BS and DIN standards at best market prices in India. To know more about the latest price of Stainless Steel 347/347H Stud Bolts Please Call +91 22-66337137 or Send an Email to info@flangesbolts.com
Dimensions of SS 347 / 347H Stud Bolts
| Diameter | Diameter in mm | Diameter in inch | Nut Sizes |
|---|---|---|---|
| M12 | 12 | 0.4724 | 19 |
| M10 | 10 | 0.3937 | 17 |
| M14 | 14 | 0.5512 | 22 |
| M18 | 18 | 0.7087 | 27 |
| M16 | 16 | 0.6299 | 24 |
| M20 | 20 | 0.7874 | 30 |
| M24 | 24 | 0.9449 | 36 |
| M22 | 22 | 0.8661 | 32 |
| M27 | 27 | 1.063 | 41 |
| M33 | 33 | 1.2992 | 50 |
| M30 | 30 | 1.1811 | 46 |
| M36 | 36 | 1.4173 | 55 |
| M42 | 42 | 1.6535 | 65 |
| M39 | 39 | 1.5354 | 60 |
| M45 | 45 | 1.7717 | 70 |
| M52 | 52 | 2.0472 | 80 |
| M48 | 48 | 1.8898 | 75 |
| M56 | 56 | 2.2047 | 85 |
| M64 | 64 | 2.5197 | 95 |
| M60 | 60 | 2.3622 | 90 |
| M68 | 68 | 2.6772 | 100 |
| M76 | 76 | 2.9921 | 110 |
| M72 | 72 | 2.8346 | 105 |
| M80 | 80 | 3.1496 | 115 |
| M90 | 90 | 3.5433 | 130 |
| M85 | 85 | 3.3464 | 120 |
| M100 | 100 | 3.937 | 145 |
| M160 | 160 | 6.2992 | 230 |
| M125 | 125 | 4.9212 | 180 |
| M110 | 110 | 4.3307 | 155 |
| M140 | 140 | 5.5118 | 200 |
SS 347 / 347H Stud Bolt Torque Chart
| Flange Size | B16.5 Class 150 RF/ Ring Gaskets | B16.5 Class 150 FF/ Full Face Gaskets | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Torque / Round (ft-lbs) | Stud Bolts Tighten Sequence | Torque / Round (ft-lbs) | Stud Bolts Tighten Sequence | |||||||
| 1st | 2nd | Final | Dwg/No. | Bolt Size | 1st | 2nd | Final | Dwg*/No. | Bolt Size | |
| 1/2″ | 10 | 20 | 30 | 4-bolt | 1/2″ | 20 | 40 | 60 | 4-bolt | 1/2″ |
| 3/4″ | 13 | 27 | 40 | 4-bolt | 1/2″ | 20 | 40 | 60 | 4-bolt | 1/2″ |
| 1″ | 15 | 30 | 50 | 4-bolt | 1/2″ | 20 | 40 | 60 | 4-bolt | 1/2″ |
| 1-1/4″ | 20 | 40 | 60 | 4-bolt | 1/2″ | 20 | 40 | 60 | 4-bolt | 1/2″ |
| 1-1/2″ | 20 | 40 | 60 | 4-bolt | 1/2″ | 20 | 40 | 60 | 4-bolt | 1/2″ |
| 2″ | 40 | 80 | 120 | 4-bolt | 5/8″ | 40 | 80 | 120 | 4-bolt | 5/8″ |
| 2-1/2″ | 40 | 80 | 120 | 4-bolt | 5/8″ | 40 | 80 | 120 | 4-bolt | 5/8″ |
| 3″ | 40 | 80 | 120 | 4-bolt | 5/8″ | 40 | 80 | 120 | 4-bolt | 5/8″ |
| 3-1/2″ | 40 | 80 | 120 | 8-bolt | 5/8″ | 40 | 80 | 120 | 8-bolt | 5/8″ |
| 4″ | 40 | 80 | 120 | 8-bolt | 5/8″ | 40 | 80 | 120 | 8-bolt | 5/8″ |
| 5″ | 60 | 120 | 200 | 8-bolt | 3/4″ | 60 | 120 | 200 | 8-bolt | 3/4″ |
| 6″ | 60 | 120 | 200 | 8-bolt | 3/4″ | 60 | 120 | 200 | 8-bolt | 3/4″ |
| 8″ | 60 | 120 | 200 | 8-bolt | 3/4″ | 60 | 120 | 200 | 8-bolt | 3/4″ |
| 10″ | 95 | 190 | 320 | 12-bolt | 7/8″ | 95 | 190 | 320 | 12-bolt | 7/8″ |
| 12″ | 95 | 190 | 320 | 12-bolt | 7/8″ | 95 | 190 | 320 | 12-bolt | 7/8″ |
| 14″ | 147 | 294 | 490 | 12-bolt | 1″ | 147 | 294 | 490 | 12-bolt | 1″ |
| 16″ | 147 | 294 | 490 | 16-bolt | 1″ | 147 | 294 | 490 | 16-bolt | 1″ |
| 18″ | 213 | 426 | 710 | 16-bolt | 1-1/8″ | 213 | 426 | 710 | 16-bolt | 1-1/8″ |
| 20″ | 213 | 426 | 710 | 20-bolt | 1-1/8″ | 213 | 426 | 710 | 20-bolt | 1-1/8″ |
| 24″ | 300 | 600 | 1,000 | 20-bolt | 1-1/4″ | 300 | 600 | 1,000 | 20-bolt | 1-1/4″ |
| Flange Size | B16.5 Class 300 RF/ Ring Gaskets | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Torque / Round (ft-lbs) | Stud Bolts Tighten Sequence* | ||||
| 1st | 2nd | Final | Dwg/No. | Stud Bolts Size | |
| 1/2″ | 10 | 20 | 30 | 4-bolt | 1/2″ |
| 3/4″ | 15 | 30 | 50 | 4-bolt | 5/8″ |
| 1″ | 21 | 42 | 70 | 4-bolt | 5/8″ |
| 1-1/4″ | 30 | 60 | 100 | 4-bolt | 5/8″ |
| 1-1/2″ | 45 | 90 | 150 | 4-bolt | 3/4″ |
| 2″ | 33 | 66 | 110 | 8-bolt | 5/8″ |
| 2-1/2″ | 42 | 84 | 140 | 8-bolt | 3/4″ |
| 3″ | 60 | 120 | 200 | 8-bolt | 3/4″ |
| 3-1/2″ | 60 | 120 | 200 | 8-bolt | 3/4″ |
| 4″ | 60 | 120 | 200 | 8-bolt | 3/4″ |
| 5″ | 60 | 120 | 200 | 8-bolt | 3/4″ |
| 6″ | 60 | 120 | 200 | 12-bolt | 3/4″ |
| 8″ | 95 | 190 | 320 | 12-bolt | 7/8″ |
| 10″ | 147 | 294 | 490 | 16-bolt | 1″ |
| 12″ | 213 | 426 | 710 | 16-bolt | 1-1/8″ |
| 14″ | 195 | 390 | 650 | 20-bolt | 1-1/8″ |
| 16″ | 273 | 546 | 910 | 20-bolt | 1-1/4″ |
| 18″ | 300 | 600 | 1,000 | 24-bolt | 1-1/4″ |
| 20″ | 300 | 600 | 1,000 | 24-bolt | 1-1/4″ |
| 24″ | 465 | 930 | 1,550 | 24-bolt | 1-1/2″ |
Weight Chart Of SS 347 / 347H Stud Bolts
| Weight Imperial | |||||||||||||
| STUD BOLT LENGTH (in inches) | 1/2 | 5/8 | 3/4 | 7/8 | 1 | 1 1/8 | 1 1/4 | 1.3/8 | 1 1/2 | 1.5/8 | 1.3/4 | 1 7/8 | |
| 2.1/2 | 10.8 | ||||||||||||
| 2.3/4 | 11.6 | 19.8 | |||||||||||
| 3.1/4 | 12.4 | 21 | 32.4 | ||||||||||
| 3.1/2 | 13.2 | 22.2 | 34.3 | 50 | |||||||||
| 4 | 14 | 23.4 | 36.2 | 52.6 | 71.8 | ||||||||
| 4.1/2 | 14.8 | 24.6 | 38.1 | 55.2 | 75.2 | 102 | |||||||
| 4.3/4 | 15.6 | 25.8 | 40 | 57.8 | 78.6 | 106 | 137 | ||||||
| 5 | 16.4 | 27 | 41.9 | 60.4 | 82 | 111 | 142 | 179 | |||||
| 5.1/2 | 17.2 | 28.2 | 43.8 | 63 | 85.4 | 115 | 147 | 186 | 234 | ||||
| 6 | 18 | 29.4 | 45.7 | 65.6 | 88.8 | 119 | 153 | 193 | 242 | 289 | |||
| 6.1/4 | 18.8 | 30.6 | 47.6 | 68.2 | 92.2 | 123 | 158 | 200 | 250 | 298 | 263 | ||
| 6.1/2 | 19.6 | 32.3 | 49.5 | 70.8 | 95.6 | 128 | 164 | 206 | 258 | 308 | 374 | 437 | |
| 7 | 20.4 | 33.5 | 50.8 | 73.4 | 99 | 132 | 169 | 213 | 266 | 317 | 385 | 449 | |
| 7.1/2 | 21.2 | 34.8 | 52.7 | 75.5 | 103 | 136 | 174 | 220 | 275 | 326 | 396 | 462 | |
| 8 | 22 | 36.1 | 54.5 | 78 | 106 | 141 | 180 | 226 | 283 | 336 | 407 | 475 | |
| 8.1/4 | 37.3 | 56.3 | 80.5 | 108 | 145 | 185 | 233 | 291 | 345 | 418 | 488 | ||
| 8.3/4 | 38.6 | 58.1 | 83.1 | 112 | 149 | 191 | 240 | 299 | 354 | 429 | 500 | ||
| 9 | 39.8 | 60 | 85.6 | 115 | 153 | 196 | 246 | 307 | 364 | 440 | 513 | ||
| 9.1/2 | 41.1 | 61.8 | 88.2 | 118 | 158 | 201 | 253 | 316 | 373 | 451 | 526 | ||
| 10 | 63.7 | 90.7 | 122 | 162 | 206 | 260 | 324 | 382 | 463 | 538 | |||
| 10/1.4 | 93.3 | 125 | 166 | 212 | 267 | 332 | 391 | 474 | 551 | ||||
| 1.0.1/2 | 128 | 171 | 217 | 273 | 340 | 401 | 485 | 564 | |||||
| 11 | 132 | 175 | 223 | 279 | 345 | 410 | 496 | 576 | |||||
| 11.1/2 | 135 | 179 | 228 | 285 | 350 | 419 | 507 | 589 | |||||
| 12 | 138 | 184 | 233 | 292 | 358 | 429 | 518 | 602 | |||||
| Weight Of Metric Studs Bolt | |||||||||||||
| STUD BOLT LENGTH (in mm) | M10 | M12 | M14 | M16 | M18 | M20 | M22 | M24 | M27 | M30 | M33 | M36 | M39 |
| 60 | 5,6 | 8,1 | 12 | 15,6 | |||||||||
| 70 | 6,1 | 8,9 | 13 | 16,9 | 23,7 | ||||||||
| 80 | 6,6 | 9,6 | 14 | 18,2 | 25,4 | 32,5 | |||||||
| 90 | 7,1 | 10,3 | 15 | 19,6 | 27,1 | 34,5 | 45,5 | ||||||
| 100 | 7,6 | 11 | 16 | 21 | 28,8 | 36,7 | 47,2 | 54,2 | |||||
| 110 | 8,1 | 11,7 | 17 | 22,2 | 30,4 | 38,7 | 48,3 | 58,2 | 80 | ||||
| 120 | 8,6 | 12,4 | 18 | 23,6 | 32,1 | 40,7 | 50,9 | 60,2 | 84,7 | 107 | |||
| 130 | 9,1 | 13,2 | 19 | 24,9 | 33,7 | 42,8 | 53,4 | 63,2 | 88,6 | 111 | 141 | ||
| 140 | 9,6 | 14,2 | 20 | 26,2 | 35,4 | 44,9 | 55,9 | 66,2 | 92,4 | 116 | 147 | 185 | |
| 150 | 10,1 | 14,9 | 20,8 | 27,5 | 36,9 | 46,9 | 58,5 | 69,2 | 96,3 | 121 | 153 | 192 | 237 |
| 160 | 10,6 | 15,6 | 21,8 | 29,1 | 38,6 | 49 | 61 | 72,2 | 100,1 | 126 | 159 | 199 | 245 |
| 170 | 16,4 | 22,8 | 30,4 | 40,2 | 51,1 | 63,5 | 75,2 | 104 | 130 | 165 | 206 | 253 | |
| 180 | 23,8 | 31,8 | 41,9 | 52,3 | 66,1 | 78,1 | 108 | 135 | 171 | 213 | 261 | ||
| 190 | 33,1 | 43,5 | 54,4 | 68,4 | 81,1 | 112 | 140 | 176 | 219 | 269 | |||
| 200 | 34,5 | 45,2 | 56,2 | 71 | 84 | 116 | 144 | 182 | 226 | 278 | |||
| 210 | 35,8 | 46,8 | 58,5 | 73,5 | 88,4 | 120 | 149 | 188 | 233 | 286 | |||
| 220 | 37,1 | 48,4 | 60,6 | 76,1 | 91,4 | 124 | 154 | 194 | 240 | 294 | |||
| 230 | 38,5 | 50,1 | 62,6 | 78,6 | 94,4 | 127 | 159 | 201 | 247 | 302 | |||
| 240 | 39,8 | 51,7 | 64,7 | 81,2 | 97,4 | 130,9 | 164 | 208 | 253 | 310 | |||
| 250 | 41,1 | 53,4 | 66,8 | 83,7 | 100,4 | 134,8 | 172 | 214 | 260 | 319 | |||
| 260 | 55 | 68,8 | 86,3 | 103,4 | 138,6 | 177 | 220 | 267 | 327 | ||||
| 270 | 56,6 | 70,9 | 88,8 | 106,4 | 142,5 | 182 | 224 | 274 | 335 | ||||
| 280 | 58,3 | 73 | 91,4 | 109,4 | 146,3 | 187 | 230 | 281 | 343 | ||||
| 290 | 75 | 93,9 | 112,4 | 150,1 | 192 | 236 | 291 | 360 | |||||
| 300 | 77,1 | 96,5 | 115,4 | 154 | 196 | 241 | 298 | 368 | |||||
| 320 | 101,6 | 121,3 | 161,7 | 206 | 253 | 312 | 380 | ||||||
| 340 | 127,3 | 169,4 | 215 | 265 | 326 | 395 | |||||||
| 360 | 133,3 | 177,1 | 224 | 276 | 340 | 411 | |||||||
| 380 | 184,8 | 234 | 288 | 353 | 428 | ||||||||
| 400 | 192,5 | 243 | 299 | 367 | 444 | ||||||||
| 420 | 252 | 311 | 381 | 460 | |||||||||
| 440 | 262 | 322 | 394 | 477 | |||||||||
| 460 | 271 | 334 | 408 | 493 | |||||||||
| 480 | 281 | 345 | 422 | 509 | |||||||||
| 500 | 290 | 357 | 436 | 526 | |||||||||
Chemical Composition of Grade 347 / 347H Stainless Steel Stud Bolts
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Cb | Ni | Fe |
| SS 347 | 0.08 max | 2.0 max | 1.0 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 17.00 - 20.00 | 10xC – 1.10 | 9.00 - 13.00 | 62.74 min |
| SS 347H | 0.04 – 0.10 | 2.0 max | 1.0 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 17.00 - 19.00 | 8xC – 1.10 | 9.0 -13.0 | 63.72 min |
Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts
| Density | Melting Point | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) | Elongation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.0 g/cm3 | 1454 °C (2650 °F) | Psi – 75000 , MPa – 515 | Psi – 30000 , MPa – 205 | 35 % |
Other Types of Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts
Stainless Steel 347H Threaded Rod
Stainless Steel 347H Tie Rod
ASTM A193 SS 347H Studs
347H Stainless Steel Double Ended Stud
Stainless Steel ASTM A193 347H Hex Stud
Stainless Steel 1.4550 Threaded Studs
SS 347H Stud Bolts Stockist
SS UNS S34700 Continuous Thread Stud Bolt Supplier
ASME SA193 347H SS Partial Threaded Stud Bolt
347 Stainless Steel Reduced Shank Stud Bolt
347H SS Stud Bolts Exporter
S34700 Stainless Steel Single Ended Threaded Stud
WNR. 1.4961 Threaded Stud Bolts
ASME B18.2.1 SS 347H Half Threaded Stud Bolts
UNS S34709 Stainless Steel Single End Stud Bolts
INOX 1.4961 Export Quality Stud Bolts
ASTM A193 SS 347H MS Stud Bolts
INOX 1.4961 Threaded Stud
SS EN X6CrNiNb18-12 Threaded Stud
Stainles Steel 347 Tie Rod
Stainless Steel EN X6CrNiNb18-10 Studs
1.4550 Stainless Steel Stud Bolt Specification
AISI 347H Stainless Steel Metric Thread Stud Bolt
Grade 347H SS Stud Bolts Manufacturer
Stainless Steel 347H Stud Bolts Distributor
Stainless Steel S34700 Stud Bolts
Stainless Steel 347H Industrial Stud Bolt Price
Stainless Steel UNS S34709 Studs
Stainless Steel DIN 1.4961 Stud Bolt
347H SS Stud Bolt Dealer
SS 1.4961 Threaded Rods
347H Stainless Steel Heavy Stud Bolt
ASME SA193 347H Stainless Steel Flush Head Studs
Stainless Steel SUS 347H Threaded Rods
SS 347 Tension Control Bolt
Stainless Steel 347 Hex Bolts
SS 347 Fully Threaded Stud Bolts
Austenitic Stainless Steel 347H Stud Bolts
SS 347 Hex Head Stud Bolts
347 Stainless Steel Metric Thread Stud Bolt
347 Stainless Steel Stud Half Thread Bolts
Stainless Steel 347H Class A Double Ended Stud
UNS S34709 Stainless Steel Hex Studs
Stainless Steel S34709 Stud Bolts
Stainless Steel 347 / 347H Stud Bolts Application Area
Our products range of Stainless Steel 347, 347H Stud Bolts find application in various areas such as: Petro-Chemical Industries, Ship Building Industries, Heavy Engineering Industries, Fertilizer Plants, power Generation Units ( Nuclear, Hydro or Thermal), Civil Industries, Oil Expansion Projects, Off Shore & On Shore Oil Towers, Valves, Vessels, Pumps, Railways, Steel Plants, Civil Construction Industries, Home Fittings etc.